Bibliography
Preface: Advocating CrossFit will give our audience an insight to the benefits of this extreme type of fitness. Comparing the traditional gym setting to the CrossFit setting will reveal that CrossFit gyms provide proper instruction, support, and quick results. Our sources help validate our argument.
Comana, Fabio. "CrossFit—Is the Gain Worth the Pain? ACE Experts Weigh In." ACE Fitness. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2013.
http://www.acefitness.org/certifiednewsarticle/962/crossfit-is-the-gain-worth-the-pain-ace-experts/
Fabio Comana is an exercise physiologist and spokesperson for the American Council on Exercise, and faculty at San Diego State University. In his article Comana researches and highlights the benefits and concerns for members who participate in CrossFit workouts. The three main things Comana touches on is that you can gain great results from CrossFit, the main reason people quit CrossFit is because it is too difficult, and there is a possibility you can get hurt. Comana also focuses on the training and education that is required to be a trainer at a CrossFit gym. The trainers at CrossFit gyms are either level 1 or level 2 trainers and they are their to support, motivate, and provide proper technique to reduce potential injuries. There is still the risk that the trainer may over look a CrossFitters form and when CrossFitters are half way through an intense WOD they become fatigued and slack on the proper form. This article is important to our own research because it provides both benefits and risks of CrossFit from an exercise physiologist research.
"CrossFit Exercises." CrossFit.com. N.p., 2012. Web. 26 Mar. 2013.
This is a database of hundreds of CrossFit-related exercise videos, showing the vast expanse of exercises one can do after committing to doing CrossFit. Because it is the offical website of CrossFit, it can be safely assumed that these exercises are a part of their offical program and, as such, This website effectively shows that CrossFit can be done virtually anywhere by people of every fitness level because of how many exercises one can incorporate into their CrossFit workout--whether they have access to weights or more expensive equipment or not.
Esco, Michael. "CrossFit Review." WebMD. WebMD, 18 Aug. 2011. Web. 20 Mar. 2013.
http://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/features/crossfit-review
The author of this article, Michael Esco (PhD), is an assistant professor in the department of physical education and exercise science at Auburn University Montgomery. He is a CSCS (certified strength and conditioning specialist) and a HFS (health fitness specialist). Esco wrote a expert review for WebMD sharing his knowledge of CrossFit. He explains that CrossFit is a high intensity workout that includes strength training, plyometrics, speed training, power weight lifting, gymnastics, kettle bells, body weight exercises, and endurance exercises. The variety of these workouts can take place at home or in a group setting. He suggests not to do these workouts at home without a trainer if you are a beginner because the proper form and technique is important to lower the risk of injuries. Esco provides the reader an image of what a CrossFit gym looks like and what they can expect during a CrossFit workout. These workouts provide the advantage of variety and high intensity in a short period of time. This article is important to our research because it shares the basics of CrossFit to be able to accurately inform the audience on what exactly CrossFit is. The author was unbiased and shared his expert knowledge on CrossFit, its advantages, as well as the potential risks.
Garay Redmond, Jessica. "The Low-Down on Interval Training." Weight Management Matters 8.3. Web. 26 Mar. 2013.
The article explains the rise in popularity of "interval training" such as CrossFit, explaining that the combination of high- and low-intensity exercises caloric expenditure and result in greater weight loss. Garay Redmond references a study of fifty overweight teenagers who were put on a program of two 40-minute interval sessions a week for three months during which their BMI, body fat, and blood glucose intake steadily improved. Another similar study that extended six weeks found similar results. The author notes that these workouts are especially successful for women. The article goes on to explain the general format of these programs: A five-minute moderately intense warm-up, followed by intervals of one-minute maximum effort and two-to-four minutes of "submaximal recovery", ending with a five-minute cool down Another option presented involves one minute of intense aerobics, and two-to-four minutes of strength training. This source aids in our project by supporting the idea that CrossFit provides a more effective fitness experience than the traditional gym membership. It is a more wide spread improvement of physical fitness and it can be applied to anyone. The strong support of the structured format of the CrossFit program also aids our point that college students often do not have the education to create an effective workout routine on their own, meaning that they need professional guidance to ensure they do not unwittingly injure themselves or exercise ineffectively.
McCall, Pete. "What Is CrossFit Training and Is It Appropriate for the Average Person?"ACE Fit. N.p., 29 Apr. 2010. Web. 26 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.acefitness.org/acefit/expert-insight-article/3/648/what-is-crossfit-training-and-is-it/>.
This source offers an easy to understand explanation of the types of equipment and exercises that make up a CrossFit routine. It explains the benefits, focusing mainly on the ability of the exercises themselves to improve physical performance. This source is most useful to our project because it evaluates whether or not anyone, including our target audience, is capable of participating in CrossFit and if they should. The conclusion reached is that beginners and those who have not been physically active for a long period of time should utilize a CrossFit trainer and would benefit most from preparation exercises that are less intense, but would allow them to build up enough experience and ability in order to fully utilize the CrossFit program.
Murphy, T. J. "Chapter 6-Cultfit." Inside the Box: How CrossFit Shredded the Rules, Stripped down the Gym, and Rebuilt My Body. Boulder: Velo, 2012. 89-100. Print.
The chapter of T.J. Murphy's book really focuses on the idea of CrossFit providing a sense of community. Murphy says, "Because constantly varied/anaerobic training yields such rapid results, fitness progress in CrossFit is exceptional compared with conventional routes, and though much of this is due to the nature of the workouts themselves, some of it is no doubt also due to the level of support, the friendly competition, and the sense of accountability and motivation that a community fosters." (Pg 96) T.J. Murphy is a writer, veteran endurance athlete, CrossFitter and a former editorial director of Triathlete, and Inside Triathlon. T.J. Murphy is a valid source because he is knowledgable about fitness and turned to CrossFit after his legs were wrecked from years of running marathons. CrossFit rebuilt his body and pushed him to newer limits he didn't think were possible. This chapter is important to our research because we are trying to argue how the CrossFit gym is more beneficial than the traditional gym because of the community that is formed between the members of CrossFit. The motivation and support that each member receives from other CrossFit members is empowering.
Paine, Jeffery, MAJ, James Uptgraft, MAJ, and Ryan Wylie, MAJ. "CROSSFIT STUDY." Command and General Staff College, May 2010. Web.
This study was set up by the United States Army to evaluate the effectiveness of CrossFit training in a military environment. The goal was to discover whether or not the training would be universally effective and if it would out perform traditional military physical training The technique used by the study was to begin with fourteen military members, each at a different level of physical fitness. Over an eight week period, the subjects exercised only with a CrossFit routine. The result was that each subject experienced an increase in work capacity measuring an average of 20%. The conclusion was that CrossFitness is able to be universalized and aid nearly all individuals regardless of beginning fitness level. This is important to our project because it supports our point that college students at any end of the fitness spectrum, can positively benefit from the CrossFit program. The study also supports that CrossFit provides better results than traditional workouts.
Patel, Patrik. "THE INFLUENCE OF A CROSSFIT EXERCISE INTERVENTION ON GLUCOSE CONTROL IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE ADULTS." Kansas State University (2012). Web. 26 Mar. 2013.
Although the focus on this study is on the changes in glucose in overweight adults who begin exercise programs, the study utilizes two control groups of nine people each--one preforming CrossFit, and one in a more traditional gym setting, providing an exact comparison of how CrossFit improves the fitness of overweight adults. Although both groups of people experienced an overall improvement in weight and health, those preforming CrossFit did so while working out for shorter periods overall, proving that CrossFit is especially effective for those short on time or otherwise busy. This provides a compelling point to show college students, making CrossFit seem less like a long-term endeavor, as we understand that many of our target audience have busy schedules and are hesitant about large commitments.
Walsh, Kathryn. "CrossFit Vs. Traditional Weight Training." LIVESTRONG.COM. N.p., 1 Feb. 2012. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/554525-crossfit-vs-traditional-weight-training/>.
The article is focused on briefly explaining what CrossFitness is and how it compares to the traditional weightlifting workouts. They do this by naming the pros and con of the Crossfit routine, and the pros and cons of weight lifting. The pros included the intense program, the exercises burn calories quickly, the wide variety of movements maintains interest, and the community that develops within the program's followers offers support and advice for participants. For our argument, this supports the main points of increased fitness for college and/or college aged students and the benefits of the community program as superior to the individual, static routine of the traditional gym. The cons of CrossFit are listed only as possible exhaustion, which increases the possibility of injury. In the comparison, the singular pro of weight training was that it could be set to an individual pace or starting point.
Comana, Fabio. "CrossFit—Is the Gain Worth the Pain? ACE Experts Weigh In." ACE Fitness. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2013.
http://www.acefitness.org/certifiednewsarticle/962/crossfit-is-the-gain-worth-the-pain-ace-experts/
Fabio Comana is an exercise physiologist and spokesperson for the American Council on Exercise, and faculty at San Diego State University. In his article Comana researches and highlights the benefits and concerns for members who participate in CrossFit workouts. The three main things Comana touches on is that you can gain great results from CrossFit, the main reason people quit CrossFit is because it is too difficult, and there is a possibility you can get hurt. Comana also focuses on the training and education that is required to be a trainer at a CrossFit gym. The trainers at CrossFit gyms are either level 1 or level 2 trainers and they are their to support, motivate, and provide proper technique to reduce potential injuries. There is still the risk that the trainer may over look a CrossFitters form and when CrossFitters are half way through an intense WOD they become fatigued and slack on the proper form. This article is important to our own research because it provides both benefits and risks of CrossFit from an exercise physiologist research.
"CrossFit Exercises." CrossFit.com. N.p., 2012. Web. 26 Mar. 2013.
This is a database of hundreds of CrossFit-related exercise videos, showing the vast expanse of exercises one can do after committing to doing CrossFit. Because it is the offical website of CrossFit, it can be safely assumed that these exercises are a part of their offical program and, as such, This website effectively shows that CrossFit can be done virtually anywhere by people of every fitness level because of how many exercises one can incorporate into their CrossFit workout--whether they have access to weights or more expensive equipment or not.
Esco, Michael. "CrossFit Review." WebMD. WebMD, 18 Aug. 2011. Web. 20 Mar. 2013.
http://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/features/crossfit-review
The author of this article, Michael Esco (PhD), is an assistant professor in the department of physical education and exercise science at Auburn University Montgomery. He is a CSCS (certified strength and conditioning specialist) and a HFS (health fitness specialist). Esco wrote a expert review for WebMD sharing his knowledge of CrossFit. He explains that CrossFit is a high intensity workout that includes strength training, plyometrics, speed training, power weight lifting, gymnastics, kettle bells, body weight exercises, and endurance exercises. The variety of these workouts can take place at home or in a group setting. He suggests not to do these workouts at home without a trainer if you are a beginner because the proper form and technique is important to lower the risk of injuries. Esco provides the reader an image of what a CrossFit gym looks like and what they can expect during a CrossFit workout. These workouts provide the advantage of variety and high intensity in a short period of time. This article is important to our research because it shares the basics of CrossFit to be able to accurately inform the audience on what exactly CrossFit is. The author was unbiased and shared his expert knowledge on CrossFit, its advantages, as well as the potential risks.
Garay Redmond, Jessica. "The Low-Down on Interval Training." Weight Management Matters 8.3. Web. 26 Mar. 2013.
The article explains the rise in popularity of "interval training" such as CrossFit, explaining that the combination of high- and low-intensity exercises caloric expenditure and result in greater weight loss. Garay Redmond references a study of fifty overweight teenagers who were put on a program of two 40-minute interval sessions a week for three months during which their BMI, body fat, and blood glucose intake steadily improved. Another similar study that extended six weeks found similar results. The author notes that these workouts are especially successful for women. The article goes on to explain the general format of these programs: A five-minute moderately intense warm-up, followed by intervals of one-minute maximum effort and two-to-four minutes of "submaximal recovery", ending with a five-minute cool down Another option presented involves one minute of intense aerobics, and two-to-four minutes of strength training. This source aids in our project by supporting the idea that CrossFit provides a more effective fitness experience than the traditional gym membership. It is a more wide spread improvement of physical fitness and it can be applied to anyone. The strong support of the structured format of the CrossFit program also aids our point that college students often do not have the education to create an effective workout routine on their own, meaning that they need professional guidance to ensure they do not unwittingly injure themselves or exercise ineffectively.
McCall, Pete. "What Is CrossFit Training and Is It Appropriate for the Average Person?"ACE Fit. N.p., 29 Apr. 2010. Web. 26 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.acefitness.org/acefit/expert-insight-article/3/648/what-is-crossfit-training-and-is-it/>.
This source offers an easy to understand explanation of the types of equipment and exercises that make up a CrossFit routine. It explains the benefits, focusing mainly on the ability of the exercises themselves to improve physical performance. This source is most useful to our project because it evaluates whether or not anyone, including our target audience, is capable of participating in CrossFit and if they should. The conclusion reached is that beginners and those who have not been physically active for a long period of time should utilize a CrossFit trainer and would benefit most from preparation exercises that are less intense, but would allow them to build up enough experience and ability in order to fully utilize the CrossFit program.
Murphy, T. J. "Chapter 6-Cultfit." Inside the Box: How CrossFit Shredded the Rules, Stripped down the Gym, and Rebuilt My Body. Boulder: Velo, 2012. 89-100. Print.
The chapter of T.J. Murphy's book really focuses on the idea of CrossFit providing a sense of community. Murphy says, "Because constantly varied/anaerobic training yields such rapid results, fitness progress in CrossFit is exceptional compared with conventional routes, and though much of this is due to the nature of the workouts themselves, some of it is no doubt also due to the level of support, the friendly competition, and the sense of accountability and motivation that a community fosters." (Pg 96) T.J. Murphy is a writer, veteran endurance athlete, CrossFitter and a former editorial director of Triathlete, and Inside Triathlon. T.J. Murphy is a valid source because he is knowledgable about fitness and turned to CrossFit after his legs were wrecked from years of running marathons. CrossFit rebuilt his body and pushed him to newer limits he didn't think were possible. This chapter is important to our research because we are trying to argue how the CrossFit gym is more beneficial than the traditional gym because of the community that is formed between the members of CrossFit. The motivation and support that each member receives from other CrossFit members is empowering.
Paine, Jeffery, MAJ, James Uptgraft, MAJ, and Ryan Wylie, MAJ. "CROSSFIT STUDY." Command and General Staff College, May 2010. Web.
This study was set up by the United States Army to evaluate the effectiveness of CrossFit training in a military environment. The goal was to discover whether or not the training would be universally effective and if it would out perform traditional military physical training The technique used by the study was to begin with fourteen military members, each at a different level of physical fitness. Over an eight week period, the subjects exercised only with a CrossFit routine. The result was that each subject experienced an increase in work capacity measuring an average of 20%. The conclusion was that CrossFitness is able to be universalized and aid nearly all individuals regardless of beginning fitness level. This is important to our project because it supports our point that college students at any end of the fitness spectrum, can positively benefit from the CrossFit program. The study also supports that CrossFit provides better results than traditional workouts.
Patel, Patrik. "THE INFLUENCE OF A CROSSFIT EXERCISE INTERVENTION ON GLUCOSE CONTROL IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE ADULTS." Kansas State University (2012). Web. 26 Mar. 2013.
Although the focus on this study is on the changes in glucose in overweight adults who begin exercise programs, the study utilizes two control groups of nine people each--one preforming CrossFit, and one in a more traditional gym setting, providing an exact comparison of how CrossFit improves the fitness of overweight adults. Although both groups of people experienced an overall improvement in weight and health, those preforming CrossFit did so while working out for shorter periods overall, proving that CrossFit is especially effective for those short on time or otherwise busy. This provides a compelling point to show college students, making CrossFit seem less like a long-term endeavor, as we understand that many of our target audience have busy schedules and are hesitant about large commitments.
Walsh, Kathryn. "CrossFit Vs. Traditional Weight Training." LIVESTRONG.COM. N.p., 1 Feb. 2012. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/554525-crossfit-vs-traditional-weight-training/>.
The article is focused on briefly explaining what CrossFitness is and how it compares to the traditional weightlifting workouts. They do this by naming the pros and con of the Crossfit routine, and the pros and cons of weight lifting. The pros included the intense program, the exercises burn calories quickly, the wide variety of movements maintains interest, and the community that develops within the program's followers offers support and advice for participants. For our argument, this supports the main points of increased fitness for college and/or college aged students and the benefits of the community program as superior to the individual, static routine of the traditional gym. The cons of CrossFit are listed only as possible exhaustion, which increases the possibility of injury. In the comparison, the singular pro of weight training was that it could be set to an individual pace or starting point.